Sorghum in crop rotations sorghum readily follows other crops in rotations, but crops following sorghum may have problems, especially if a winter grain is planted shortly after sorghum is harvested in the fall. This plant may be known by one or more common names in different places, and some are listed above. However, these figures do not do justice to the importance of sorghum in africa. Paratillage was performed every third year after sorghum harvest when the soil profile was relatively dry. Sorghum is used as a drought tolerant, summer annual rotational cover crop either alone or seeded in a warm season cover crop mixture. Sorghum production introduction sorghum sorghum bicolour l. To manage the sorghum crop for maximum production, the producer must understand how the plant grows and develops and what factors affect its growth, development, and nutrient. Introduction, objectives, and scientific principles 2010. Notillage management of wheat residues prior to planting sorghum resulted in nearly an inch more stored water in the soil profile, which. Grain sorghum information purdue university agronomy extension.
The name sweet sorghum is used to identify varieties of sorghum, sorghum bicolor l. It is often a feed grain of choice where irrigation capacity is limited. June was a blessing for these crops, blackburn said while making his way through a sorghum field he said he measured feet high. In addition to these uses of the grain, sorghum crop residues and green plants also provide sources of animal feed, building material, and fuel for.
The plant likely originated in africa, where it is a major food crop, and has numerous varieties, including grain sorghums, used for food. The plants ability to produce the flag leaf sheath and is supported by the portion respectable yields under adverse growing conditions of the stalk called the peduncle. Selection of grain sorghum hybrids veteran sorghum producers remember going. Evapotranspiration of corn and forage sorghum for silage. The appearance of grain sorghum at the panicle initiation growth stage. When you crop a pdf with multiple pages, it will only affect the. The trade in sorghum is small compared with the major grains such as wheat, maize, barley and rice. Despite its extensive use, sorghum is low in protein digestibility. Globally, over half of all sorghum is used for human consumption. To include sorghum in a book on lost crops, on the face of it, seems like a gross mistake. Within most developing countries, the sorghum crop rarely reaches the market. In the usa, australia and south america, sorghum is grown mainly for animal feed. It is grown for home consumption unless there is a bumper crop, or if cash is needed.
The continent produces about 20 million tonnes of sorghum per annum, about onethird of the world crop. Moench is a model c4 cereal for both basic and applied research. Chromosome identification and nomenclature of sorghum bicolor. Forage sorghum is used as fodder for livestock and sweet sorghum is used for syrup production by crushing the harvested stalks of the crop.
This plant may be known by one or more common names in. L5439 sorghum tillage publications soil and crop sciences. There are multiple cultivars of sorghum available for use as a cover crop including sorghum sudangrass hybrids sorghum bicolor. Vanderlip sorghums importance as a feed grain has increased in the u.
Part of the agronomy and crop sciences commons, food chemistry commons, and the food processing commons taylor, john r. However, receding corn prices are causing farmers in these areas to reconsider sorghum, another grass crop thats grown worldwide. Sorghum, sorghum bicolor, also called great millet, indian millet, milo, durra, orshallu, cereal grain plant of the grass family and its edible starchy seeds. University of arizona, maricopa agricultural center mac.
This pdf tool is designed to help you easily manage all aspects of the pdf including cropping sections of it. Cover crops, fertilizer nitrogen rates, and economic return. Following this aggressive grass cover crop with a legume cover crop can be part of a plan for restoring soil health in overfarmed fields. If corns high input costs make you queasy, another grass crop exists that might fit some of your acres. In terms of tonnage, sorghum is africas second most important cereal. Find sorghum stock images in hd and millions of other royaltyfree stock photos, illustrations and vectors in the shutterstock collection. Sorghum and sudangrass are warm season grass cover crops that can provide good weed suppression, grazing and forge supply, in addition to the soil structure improvements that can be. Crop yields and ghg fluxes were simulated at the 0. Moench is one of the five most important cereal crops in the world.
Sorghum is cultivated for grain and as a major food crop in much of south asia, africa, and central america. A few years ago, high corn prices pushed this widely grown grass crop into traditional sorghum growing areas. There are multiple cultivars of sorghum available for use as a cover crop including sorghumsudangrass hybrids sorghum bicolor. Since purdue has conducted relatively little agronomic research on this crop, links are provided to grain sorghum information from other states where the crop is grown more widely. How to crop a pdf on a mac computer in 5 simple steps business. Information from the cgsrvp fields is used to improve and refine recommendations to meet the needs of arkansas grain sorghum farmers and identify areas which need additional research. Jan 25, 2017 a few years ago, high corn prices pushed this widely grown grass crop into traditional sorghum growing areas. It shares top billing with pearl millet in the drier zones and with maize in the wetter ones. Grain sorghum is treated as an annual in temperate regions, although it is a perennial grass and in the tropics may be harvested many times. Growers can design a farming system that effectively uses available soil moisture and takes advantage of seasonal opportunities. It is a major crop for many poor farmers, especially in africa, central america, and south asia. Combine header equipment options for downed grain sorghum 2014.
Pdf shortening breeding cycle of sorghum, a model crop for. Globally, it produces approximately 70 million tons of grain from about 50 million ha o f land. Based on region, the market can be divided into north america, latin america, asia pacific, europe and middle east and africa. In 2006, corn was grown on the ne lysimeter field, and the forage sorghum was grown on. Entries were evaluated for three crop years 19982000 at five locations in nigeria. Qtl mapping of a high protein digestibility trait in sorghum bicolor. Over the last decade adoption of crop sequencing, particularly including chickpeas and long fallow combined with sorghum production, has substantially increased in the northern region. Combine header equipment options for downed grain sorghum 2014 compiled by calvin trostle, ph. Grain sorghum production handbook, kansas state university. Moench is a crop indigenous to africa, where it appears to have been domesticated in ethiopia about 5 000 years ago. It is the only viable food grain for many of the worlds most food insecure people.
The forage sorghum hybrid was a brown mid rib variety that reportedly has a higher digestibility bean et al. Mean yield of the sorghum genotypes and their stability indices. The previous crop in 2005 was irrigated grain sorghum. Smaller areas of sorghum are planted in the drier parts of morogoro fig 1. Thousands of new, highquality pictures added every day. As the fifth most abundant crop worldwide 2 and the third most economically. Sorghumsudangrass is also a good cover crop choice if you are trying to improve wornout soils. Combine header equipment options for downed grain sorghum2014 compiled by calvin trostle, ph. Sorghum is used for human nutrition all over the world 2, 6, 7, 10. A more detailed explanation of sorghumplant growth may be found in how a sorghum plant develops, kstate research and extension publication s3. It is one of the important dryland crops grown in marginal soils and a source of feed, fodder. A multipurpose bioenergy crop 7 sorghum grai ns a re gluten f ree and with a h igh potential to be used as an alternative to wheat our for the celi ac sprue market liu e t al. Its name comes from the fact that it is a hybrid, a cross between sorghums grown for forage and a type of grass called sudan grass or sudangrass, which is native to eastern. Besides smothering weeds and adding organic matter to the soil, it can help penetrate compacted subsoil.
A baseline scenario is established for each crop production system assuming businessas usual management practices described above. College station, texas 77845 and department of soil and crop sciences. By the early 1900s, grain sorghum was recognized as a drought tolerant crop that would outperform corn in the arid regions of the southern great plains. Dec 28, 2016 if corns high input costs make you queasy, another grass crop exists that might fit some of your acres. Economic information is collected on each cgsrvp field to estimate crop expenditures and returns. The volume of sorghum produced in the united states reached a maximum in the 20152016 crop year at 15. Pdf performance of sorghum varieties under variable rainfall in. Sorghumsudan grass, or sorghum sudangrass, is a fastgrowing cover crop with an extensive root system that thrives in the heat of summer. In the main window, click open file and browse for the pdf document you would like to crop. Pdf rainfall variability has a significant impact on crop production with manifestations. Sorghum production has since decreased to around 9. Sorghum sudangrass is also a good cover crop choice if you are trying to improve wornout soils.
It is now widely cultivated in dry areas of africa, asia, the americas, europe and australia between latitudes of. Plant 1 to 2 inches deep about 10 to 15 inches apart in rows 24 to 36 inches apart. Reddyb a department of plant and soil sciences, mississippi state university, box 9555, mississippi state, ms 39762, usa. Grain yield response and stability indices in sorghum. The latter is especially true in the more drought prone areas of south africa where. Showemimo grain yield response and stability indices in sorghum 71 table 3. The crop s water requirements are greatest figure 3. Sorghum, like many grains, has a diversity of uses, including human consumption and animal feed. While sorghum tolerates dry and hot weather, it will as any crop take advantage of water such as the unusual downpours experienced by the region in june. To crop a pdf, you first select the area you want to keep, and then discard the rest.
Both crops are primarily sown in the semiarid regions of dodoma, singida, shinyanga, mwanza, mara, lindi, and mtwara. Moench is an indigenous crop to africa, and though commercial needs and uses may change over time, sorghum will remain a basic staple food for many rural communities. Dryland sorghum depletes soil moisture more than other crops. Grain sorghum, mabele, amazimba, amabele origin and distribution sorghum is the 5th most important grain crop after wheat, maize, rice and barley. Sorghum is a relatively droughttolerant crop that can be produced over a range of irrigation levels, from rainfed dryland to deficit to full irrigation. Here are four sorghum facts, courtesy of the donald danforth plant science center in st. According to fao 1995 as reported by samm, 2009, sorghum is one of the most.
Forage sorghum production tips forage sorghum can be a good crop to use in rotations to break insect and disease cycles that may develop in continuous corn. Shortening breeding cycle of sorghum, a model crop for research. For mac users that tool is pdfelement pro pdfelement pro. Additional sorghum production information can be found at the united sorghum checkoff program website and. Sorghum market size, price trends industry share report 2026. Of all africas cereal grains, sorghum is the most important. The main importers of sorghum are japan, mexico, the former ussr cis and venezuela. Commercialization prospects for sorghum and pearl millet in. Although welladapted to indiana climate and soils, grain sorghum is a minor crop in the state. Sorghum is a staple food crop for millions of poor people in the semiarid tropics of africa and asia. Map of tanzania, showing districts and major cities. Demand for sorghum and pearl millet as major food, feed and fodder crop continues to increase globally.
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